Ann+and+Sara

=__How Different Concentrations of Salt Solution Affects the Rusting Rate of Iron__ =

**__Aim: __**
To investigate how different concentrations of a salt solution affects the rate of rusting of iron.

**__Variables: __**
**Controlled**- Amount of solution, type of substance (iron) being tested on, weight of iron, equipment used to test rate of rusting, time solution is left on iron
 * Constant-** Water solution
 * Independent**- Concentrations of the salt solution
 * Dependent**- The rate at which the iron rusts over a certain period of time

**__Hypothesis: __**
It is predicted that highest concentration of the salt solution will cause the iron to rust the fastest over a certain period of time.

__**Background: **__
In science, rust is called oxidation. The main catalyst for th e oxidation is water, and air. Moreover, by adding salts the corrosion process accelerates. Oxidation of metal occurs when oxygen comes in contact with certain metals because not all metals rust. The most common rusting metals are steel, iron, aluminum and copper. Oxygen combines with the metal at an atomic level, forming a new compound called an oxide and weakening the bonds of the metal itself. The motivation to research rusting is to develop new ways to preserve the quality of metal.

**__Materials: __**

 * 200mL beaker x 4
 * Sodium Chloride (40g, 50g, 60g)
 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">DrDAQ datalogger
 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Connecting lead and USB
 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Oxygen in air sensor
 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Iron pieces x 4
 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">500mL flask
 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Parafilm
 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">grey cork
 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">scale

**__<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Procedure: __**

 * 1) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">40g, 50g and 60g of salt were measured for one 200mL beaker of water each and dissolved to make three solutions of different concentrations.
 * 2) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The constant, water solution, was poured into a 200mL beaker.
 * 3) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Each solution was poured into a 500ml flask each.
 * 4) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Four iron pieces were each put into separate flasks.
 * 5) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The DrDAQ datalogger was connected to the USB.
 * 6) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The grey cork was placed into the flask's opening.
 * 7) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The oxygen sensor was stuck into the cork.
 * 8) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The parafilm was wrapped around the cork and the sensor.
 * 9) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The connecting lead was plugged into External socket 1 on DrDAQ.
 * 10) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The four iron pieces were left there for a period of 24 hours, data and observations were recorded each day.

**__<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Graph 1: Water Solution Results __**
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**__<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Photo 1 and 2: Before and After for Water Solution __**
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__**<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Photo 3: Collecting Data Process for Water Solution **__
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**__<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Graph 2: 40g Solution Results __**
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">

__**<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Graph 3: 50g Solution Results **__
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__**<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Graph 4: 60g Solution Results **__
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<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">__Conclusion:__
<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The aim of this investigation was to determine how different concentrations of salt solutions affected the rate at which the iron piece rusted. An oxygen in air sensor, datalogger and laptop was used to collect data over 20 hour periods for four solutions, water, 40g, 50g and 60g. The water result was expected, however all salt solution results were inconsistent and unreliable. Thus the hypothesis was refuted as the salt solutions did not cause the rusting rate to speed up. Seeing the results were not as expected, much could be done to improve the experiment, as shown in the 'Evaluation' section below. In conclusion, the water solution caused quickest rusting rate and all salt solution results were fairly constant.

==__Evaluation:__ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">The intention of this experiment was to figure out the effect of the salt solutions to the rate of rusting of iron piece. Water, 40g, 50g, and 60g salt solutions were used. The result expectation was the higher the salt concentration of the solution, the faster the rusting rate thus water was predicted to be the slowest rate. However, the results were different from the expected result, as the results came out with water being the only consistent rate of rusting. The salt solutions were very inconsistent and unreliable. The result proves the hypothesis was wrong and salt solutions didn’t have impact to speed up the rusting process. In fact, through the collected data salt solution proved to have slowing impact on the rate of the rusting. == ==<span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">For more accurate results, usage of oxygen in water sensor is recommended. The oxygen in air sensor was used in the experiment to <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">determine how much oxygen gets used in the process of iron oxidation (rusting). However after the experiment it was informed that oxygen in water sensor will be more effective because oxygen in air sensor was used to investigate how much air got reduced over time but oxygen in water sensor will give much more accurate data of the air surrounding the iron piece getting involved in the oxidation process. ==